yana-notes

Intelligence

links: reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/intelligence/ Don’t sleep on this http://www.iqscorner.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_human_intelligence https://unexaminedglitch.com/f/why-the-mouse-runs-the-lab-and-the-psychologist-is-in-the-maze https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Biological_Psychology/Biopsychology_(OERI)_-_DRAFT_for_Review/14%3A_Intelligence_and_Cognition this seems to be a pretty high-brow book despite having ‘psychology’ in the name. Some good chapters.

Intelligence #

Genetic Associations #

Biological annotation of genetic loci associated with intelligence in a meta-analysis of 87,740 individuals (Coleman et al. 2018/9) #

  • Builds upon the two following studies on this page.
  • Genes with tissue specificity:
    • NPLR2: Nitrogen permease regulator 2-like protein. Tumor suppressor.
    • MST1(R): Macrophage-stimulating protein
    • RMB6: RNA Binding Motfin/Protein 6
    • FAM212A: Family with sequence similarity 212 member A
    • AMIGO3: Adhesion molecule with Immunoglobin-like domain 3.
      • Predicted to act upstream/within synapse assembly, especially during development.
    • GMPPB: Mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase beta.
      • Converts Mannose-1-phosphate + GTP -> GDP-mannose.
    • XRCC6BP1: AKA ATP23. A metallopeptidase.
    • FOXO3 negatively correlated in the basal ganglia.
      • T (C/C)
    • TUFM:
    • NPIPB6: Nuclear pore complex interacting protein family member B6
    • DHRS11: Dehydrogenase/Reductase 11. Catalyzes conversion of 17-keto steroids into 17β-hydroxyl metabolites. Like it’s 3β-HSD?
    • CEP192: Centrosomal protein of 192 kDa. Regulates centrosome maturation/duplication and all kinds of stuff for Microtubule formation/nucleation.
    • CYP2D6 positively correlated in the hypothalamus.
    • Bold = seen in the above study. Convenient
    • FOXO6

Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 78,308 individuals identifies new loci and genes influencing human intelligence (Sniekers et al. 2017) #

  • I got 17th percentile on this according to nebula.
  • 13 different cohorts. 18 significant loci, and 336 SNPs (I don’t know how to get to the Supplementary Table).
    • The direction goes off absolute value. As shown below, it depends on the gene whether activity is increased or decreased on the SNP. ZNF638 seems to have a net positive correlation, thus the SNP must be a loss-of-function.
    • moar genes!
      • CSE1L
      • EXOC4
      • CYP2D6 is located near two P450 ‘psuedogenes’: CYP2d7P/CYP2D8P
      • WBP2NL: Part of oocyte fertilization
      • APBA1: Member of X11. Stabilizes APP and inhibits production of proteolytic fragments. Putative vesicular trafficking protein.
      • STP3: Member of Septin GTPase family. Unkown function but upregulated by retinoic acid in a human teratocarcinoma cell line
      • NAGA: N-acetylgalactosinamidase (cleaves NAG moieties from glycoconjugates). Mutations are the cause of Schindler diseases type I/II (aka Kanzaki disease)
      • STAU1: Staufen. dsRNA-binding protein. Contains a microtubule-binding domain similar to MAP1B and binds to Tubulin. Associates with the RER, implicating this protein in mRNA transport down microtubules to the RER.
      • NDUFA6: Related to ATP, UCP, metabolism, and NADH dehydrogenase activity.
      • DCAF5: Associated with leiomyoma
      • EFTUD1: Related to Ribosome biogenesis
      • DDN (Dendrin): Related to DNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding (yeah I don’t know if there’s an acronym for that)
      • ZNF407: Unknown Zinc finger protein. ZNF638: Nucleoplasmic protein.
      • PDE1C
        • T (T/C)
      • RPL15/RPL10: Ribosomal protein.
      • ATXN2L: Ataxin type 2-related protein.
      • SH2B1
      • NKIRAS1: NF-κB-inhibitor interacting ras like 1. GTPase.
      • TUFM (Tu translation elongation factor): Participates in mitochondrial protein translation. Mutations associated with decline in oxidative phosphorylation and resulting lactic acidosis.
      • BMPR2 (Bone morphogenic protein receptor).
      • ATP2A1: A SERCA Calcium ATPase
      • JMJD1C: Jumonji domain. Interacts with thyroid hormone receptors.
      • SHANK3
      • ARFGEF2: ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)
      • GRK6
      • RNF123: Ring Finger/E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase
      • YIPF7 (Yip1 domain member 7)
      • GBF1: Guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Localized to the golgi. Activates ADP ribosylation factor 1.
      • PEF1: Calcium-binding protein belonging to the penta-EF-hand protein family. Forms a heterodimer with the programmed cell death 6 gene product.
      • COL16A1: Type XVI collagen alpha chain.
      • DCC: Netrin 1 receptor. Interacts with Src and FAK to mediate axon attraction. Partially locazlies to Lipid Rafts and induces apoptosis in the absence of a ligand. Tumor suppressor.
      • PRR7 (Proline rich 7 (synaptic))
      • CCDC101: Subunit of ADA2A and SPT3, histone acetyltransferase complexes.
      • ARHGAP15: A Rho-regulated GAP.
      • SEPT4: Member of septin family of nucleotide binding proteins.
      • ZFHX3: Regulates myogenic and nueronal differentiation. Negatively regulates c-Myb and transactivates p21CIP1/p21-1A.
      • EEA1 (early endosome antigen 1)
      • WNT4
      • DRG1 (Developmentally-regulated GTP binding protein 1)
      • IP6K1: Inositol phosphokinase 1.
      • APOBR: Apolipoprotein B47 receptor.
      • Orexin Receptor 1.
      • PIK3IP1 (PI3K-interacting protein 1) regulates PI3K catalytic subunit binding.
      • TCF20: Transcription factor that recognizes PDGF-responsive element in the MMP3 promoter. Enhances JUN and SP1. Mutations associated with Autism.
      • SKAP1: T cell adaptor protein.
      • FAM109B (Family with sequence similarity 109 member B)
      • MEF2C (MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2 C). Encodes MEF2 polypeptide C, which has DNA binding and trans-activation activities.
      • NEGR1 (Neuronal growth regulator 1)
      • ATP2A1-AS1 (ATP2A1 antisense RNA 1)

A genome-wide association study for extremely high intelligence (Zabaneh et al. 2017) #

  • compared n=8185 controls with n=1247 individuals with IQ ~170.
  • ADAM12 rs4962322, rs4962520 (C>T) and rs10794073. most associated with IQ… so is FNBP1L

Ashkenazi Genetics #

Gwern: The Algernon Argument #

It’s a pretty short article outside of the numerous external links at the bottom of the page. https://www.gwern.net/docs/iq/index there’s plenty here, too.

Development #

Giftnedness #

  • https://www.davidsongifted.org/gifted-blog/small-poppies-highly-gifted-children-in-the-early-years/

    • The average age for a baby to utter their first word is about 12 months.
      • The mean age at which 52 children of IQ 160+ uttered their first word was 9.1 months. 2 outliers removed and it’s 8.63. 16 months for sentences. 11 of them spoke their first meaningful word by 6 months.
      • Robinson (1987) reports a young boy whose first utterance, at 20 months, was “Look! Squirrel eating birds’ food!”
    • Gifted chilren learn mobility much earlier. Gross’s IQ 160+ subjects mean age of unsupported walking was 12.1 months - 3 months earlier than usual.

    • 90% of them were reading before their 5th birthday. I suspect Latent Inhibition (curiosity) is a major aspect. I was thinking earlier if you remember all the shit you’ve been taught at school to this, like all the different types of clouds in 4th grade or whatever, your interest in these things must have sufficiently compensated for how inefficient these things are taught to just go in one ear and out the other.

  • Stimulation-seeking children, who might be seeking out and creating enriched environments for themselves, score higher on IQ tests and do better at school than less stimulation-seeking children (Raine et al. 2002).

Biological Models #

Network Neuroscience Theory of Human Intelligence #

https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1364-6613%2817%2930221-8 (Barbey, 2018)

  • There is a correlation between lateral thinking and intelligence.

Interneuron Energy #

Cross frequency coupling #

Working Memory #

Psychological Models #

g $\neq$ ‘general intelligence’. It’s really the “general factor”.

Cattel-Horn-Carroll theory #

Published in 1993. An integration of Cattel and Horn’s 1963 Gf/Gc theory and Carrol’s 1993 three-stratum theory. 400Makes sense that high WM phenotypes and the notion that sparser if finding relevant attractors is some kind of random search g correlates with all these subfactors, and all the subfactors correlate ith each other.

  • Gf: Fluid intelligence
  • Gc: Crystallized intelligence
  • Gq: Quantitative reasoning
    • Ability to comprehend quantitative concepts/relationships and manipulate numerical symbols
  • Grw: Reading & writing ability
  • Gsm: Short-term memory
    • (Working memory; apprehend and use info within a few seconds)
  • Glr: Long-term storage and retrieval
  • Gv: Visual processing
  • Ga: Auditory processing
  • Gs: Processing speed
    • Ability to perform automatic cognitive tasks, particularly when measured under pressure to maintain focused attention. (Measured in intervals of like 2-3 minutes)
    • I thought this was IQ, bro?
  • Gt: Decision/reaction time/speed (measured in <=1 second)

g-VPR model #

Published in 2005. Similar to the three-stratum theory (some regard it as superior to CHC). There is g, and subitems of it are Verbal, Perceptual, and Rotation skills, and subitems of these are various narrow sub-skills for various tests of the ability to which they are subitems off.

Birds #

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