AMPK
2022-04-19: reference:
AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) #
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ATP, ADP, and AMP all bind competitively to the same site. AMPK essentially detects the ratio of 1&2:3phosphate.
- ATP allows, and ADP/AMP blocks phosphatases (PP2A, PP2C, pPM1E). AMP is also an allosteric modulator.
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Phosphorylated (this means activation) by things like CAMKK2, LKB1, TAK1.
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Insulin inhibits it by subsequent AKT and GSK-3β phosphorylation - both needed.
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Its substrates are pretty random: acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, SREBP1.
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Phosphorylates Phosphofructokinase-2 (not 1 as in traditional glycolysis).
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It stimulates things like hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation, ketogenesis, inhibition of adipocyte Lipogenesis and Lipolysis, inhibits Gluconeogenesis quite directly
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Upregulates PPARα, δ, cytochrome C.
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Thyroid treatment increases AMPK activity/number in skeletal muscle.