TAAR1

2022-04-24: reference:

TAAR1 (Trace amine-associated receptor 1) #

In presynaptic Monoamine neuronal membranes.

• Ligands: trace amines (like Phenethylamine), dopamine, Amphetamine/Methamphetamine)
  • I have heard that Amphetamine does NOT cause monoamine release as previously thought.
• Activates Protein Kinase A and Protein Kinase C.
• Partial agonists are antipsychotic.
• Negatively modulates monoamine release: TAAR1 activation modulates monoaminergic neurotransmission, preventing hyperdopaminergic and hypoglutamatergic activity
• Wikipedia: Low Phenethylamine concentration in the brain is associated with major depressive disorder, and high concentrations are associated with Schizophrenia. Low PEA levels and under-activation of TAAR1 also appears to be associated with ADHD. It is hypothesized that insufficient PEA levels result in TAAR1 inactivation and overzealous monoamine uptake by transporters, possibly resulting in depression.
  • Naturally then, MAOIs may lead to increased presynaptic TAAR1 activation.
  • Decreased PEA metabolism has been linked to schizophrenia, a logical finding considering excess PEA would result in over-activation of TAAR1 and prevention of monoamine transporter function
• Present in the Duodenum, where activbation stimulates release of GLP-1 and PYY. In the stomach, activation increases Somatostatin from delta cells.