Serotonin
4-11-2021 links: Hormones Neurotransmitter reference:
- https://raypeatforum.com/community/threads/humans-and-lobsters-use-serotonin-for-dominance-hierarchies.19443/page-3#post-264419
- https://raypeatforum.com/community/threads/a-serum-tonic-factor-in-foods-with-special-attention-to-its-presence-in-pineapfels.30902/#post-462645
- [Pharmacologic mechanisms of serotonergic regulation of dopamine neurotransmission] (goes into every receptor; looks fire)
Serotonin
#
- 90% of it is produced in the gut. It does not cross the BBB after 2 years of age, which is when serum levels peak in life, with adult levels being ~50%. R
- Serotonin is an inflammatory mediator, like histamine. Can produce edema, bronchoconstriction, immunosuppression, and joint swelling. YT
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Serotonin signaling mediates protein valuation and aging
- “Explained the whole macronutrient relationship between Caloric Restriction and Longevity perfectly.”
- Serotonin decreases Glycogen stores and reduces Endurance; It accelerates depletion of glycogen, wasting it to Lactate. Menelite
- Can cause Insulin Resistance and Hypoglycemia.
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The Role of the Serotonergic System in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder(A disorder in which people act out their dreams, due to loss of muscle atonia (paralysis))
- Promotes the waking state. Serotonergic neurons fire the most during the waking state, and derease in NREM and fall silent during REM. I suppose excessive amounts or injections would disrupt this. Excessive serotonin can lead to unpleasant dreams/nightmares.
- The number of serotonin-producing neurons in the brain is in the thousands, with most of them originating in the Locus Coeruleus and Raphe Nuclei. R
- May increase rate of yawning? R
- Cardiovascular effects of serotonin agonists and antagonists
- Presynaptic inhibition of Cholinergic release by serotoninergic innervation of both the CTX and the hippocampus has been postulated (31,40) to control the adequate accomplishment of learning and memory as well as spatial orientation paradigms (22,25,31,40). Pharmacological blockade of serotoninergic activity has been shown by some authors to enhance learning and memory skills (21,31), whereas others have reported that serotonin (5-HT) agonists deteriorate such skills (22).
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https://twitter.com/ChrisMasterjohn/status/1668231648557539329 thread roasting serotonin: not a feel good chemical, but a dissociation chemical.
- Increases aversive behavior in response to punishment. You dissociate from the circumstances you dislike by failing to face difficulty, even at the expense of pursuing what you believe is right or genuinely desire.
- It ‘dissociates’ you from food as well. A massive serotonin spike in your gut causes diarrhea, dissociating you so much from your food that you cannot absorb anything useful from it and instead have a net loss of nutrients from the body
Receptors #
- [Dimers of serotonin receptors: impact on ligand affinity and signaling] (that paper Mnemo sent)
There is 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7, many with their own subreceptors.
A simplistic breakdown:
Just to put this in text format for posterity: - 5-HT1A is an autoreceptor. When serotonin binds to it, the body reduces serotonin production. Can become desensitized!
- 5-HT1B (1 = Gi/o)
- 5-HT1D
- 5-HT1E
- 5-HT1F, P, and S aren’t well understood. Found in the brain, gut, and pain input respectively.
- 5-HT2A (2 = Gq)
- 5-HT2B:
- 5-HT2C
- 5-HT3 (Ligand-gated Na⁺/K⁺ channel)
- 5-HT4 (Gs)
- 5-HT5 (Gi)
- 5-HT6 (Gs)
- 5-HT7 (Gs)