Racetams
links: Nootropics reference: https://nootropicsexpert.com/the-top-7-racetams-which-one-is-best/
Racetams #
Their chemical structure is characterized by a pyrrolidone nucleus:
ultimately derived/synthesized from pyroglutamic acid I believe, Technically, some of these, like noopept, lack the ketone group and thus aren’t bona fide racetams but are often grouped in anyways.
- Includes: Piracetam, Oxiracetam, Phenylpiracetam, Aniracetam, Pramiracetam, Fasoracetam, Coluracetamm and Noopept (Omberacetam) as the popular ones, but schizos also use rolziracetam, nefiracetam, nebracetam, dimiracetam, brivaracetam, leviracetam, and seletracetam. (Oxiracetam (slightly sweet!), noopept, and piracetam are apparently the ones with a bearable taste.)
- Elevated corticosteroid levels block the memory-improving effects of nootropics and cholinomimetics
- Racetams are like ampakines (they aren’t, because they require a specific structure (I don’t know what this structure is)), a subgroup of AMPAR positive allosteric modulators. They promote synaptic pruning.
- Increases ATP synthesis
- Increases Acetylcholine utilization via enhancing HACU.
- How? Maybe it has something to do with their effects on cellular permeability, considering HACU can be sodium-dependent.
- This supposedly increases choline consumption. Does it enhance metabolic turnover of choline? I don’t think this is proven.
- Increases microcirculation (blood in microvessels)
- Phenylpiracetam may be the only one which actually has a tolerance.