Ginseng

022-05-31: reference:

Ginseng #

• So like, Panax Ginseng is the main herb, and there are 11 species. American ginseng = Panax quinquefolius. Siberian ginseng = Eleutherococcus senticosus, and is an aphrodisiac.
• Adaptogen with energy. 5-HT2C antagonist. Mild SNRI?
• Good summary: https://web.archive.org/web/20210614044628/https://www.theresearchzone.com/post/panax-ginseng-for-pssd-pfs
  • 5-HT3 antagonist.
• Inhibitory Effects of Cytosolic Ca(2+) Concentration by Ginsenoside Ro Are Dependent on Phosphorylation of IP3RI and Dephosphorylation of ERK in Human Platelets
  • G-Ro inhibited thrombin-induced phosphorylation of ERK 2, indicating inhibition of Ca(2+) influx across plasma membrane.
• Inhibitory effects of ginseng total saponin on up-regulation of cAMP pathway induced by repeated administration of morphine
  • GTS inhibited cAMP levels and PKA expression.
• Korean Red Ginseng attenuates anxiety-like behavior during ethanol withdrawal in rats
  • inhibited anxiety-like behavior and the over secretion of plasma CORT during EW. The behavioral effect was blocked by D2 antagonism, but not by a D1 antagonist.
  • KRGE prevented the EW-induced reductions in TH expression in the CeA (central nucleus of the amygdala) and TH mRNA expression in the VTA
• The antidepressant-like effects of the water extract of Panax ginseng and Polygala tenuifolia are mediated via the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway and neurogenesis in the hippocampus
• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism by ginseng inhibits PPAR-α receptor
• Glucocorticoid antagonism.
• Effect of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) on male copulatory behavior in the rat
  • Lowers prolactin after 14 and 28 days. Not after 1 day.
• Pharmacokinetics and dopamine/acetylcholine releasing effects of ginsenoside Re in hippocampus and mPFC of freely moving rats
  • Increased extracellular DA and ACh in the hippocampus and PFC.
• Actions of ginsenoside Rb1 on choline uptake in central cholinergic nerve endings
  • the increase in the maximum velocity of choline uptake was not associated with an increase in the number of choline carriers. However, chronic (3 day) administration of Rb1 did increase the number of choline uptake sites in the hippocampus, and to a lesser extent in the cortex.

• Can raise blood pressure in very low doses, while mid-high doses reduce it. Increases NOS.
• Ginseng increases ATP production in myoblasts (which are the precursor to muscle cells), makes more myoblasts, and increases mitochondrial biogenesis
• Increases muscle glycogen
• Red Ginseng Improves Exercise Endurance by Promoting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Myoblast Differentiation
• Myostain is involved in ginsenoside Rb1-mediated anti-obesity
  • Inhibits myostatin
• Ginseng and male reproductive function
  • Facilitates copulatory behavior.
    • Preventive effects of various ginseng saponins on the development of copulatory disorder induced by prolonged individual housing in male mice virtually all male mice failed to display copulatory behavior following prolonged individual housing. Friendzone explained?
  • Rb1 (found in American) promotes LH
  • Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Re, Rf, and Rg1 are agonists of GABA(A) receptor, and Rc is also an agonist for GABA(B) receptor
  • Increased spermatogenesis via increased GDNF in Sertoli cells, and activation of CREM.
• Ginsenoside Rh1 Possesses Antiallergic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
  • Rh1 inhibits histamine release, iNOS, and COX-2 expression, and inhibited NF-κB activation.
• GRb3 inhibits TNR4

• https://raypeatforum.com/community/threads/panax-ginseng-right-nipple-tenderness.50576/post-932487 I was taught that panax ginseng, like black cohosh, is used for symptoms of estrogen deficiency like vaginal dryness (I have a different view of what causes the condition but…)—it’s estrogenic—so I avoided it. Eleuthero never raised my estrogen, confirmed not just by symptoms but frequent testing. Yeah, most people in this thread are saying Panax raised their estrogen.
• Estrogen Receptor Is Activated by Korean Red Ginseng In Vitro but Not In Vivo

• Quality and safety assessment of ginseng extracts by determination of the contents of pesticides and metals apparently it might be seriously contaminated by pesticides.
• The leaf extract has the most ginsenosides, and is the most stimulating. The root is a traditional Korean red ginseng, which is more adaptogenic/antioxidant/anti-stress. The GS**15-4 uses unpeeled white ginseng roots harvested at 4-5 years, then is put through a fermentation process that mimics your GI tract. So it increases speed and amount of absorption, and also aims to get the most of the metabolite called IH-901. That activates AMPK, which helps ketogenesis and glucose uptake into skeletal muscle
  • Beneficial effects of IH-901 on glucose and lipid metabolisms via activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathways
    • Increased p-AMPK. Upregulated GLUT4.
    • IH-901 at 25 mg/kg lowered the plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acid levels by 20.7%, 41.6%, 20.2%, and 24.6%, respectively, compared with control mice. In the meantime, plasma insulin levels were significantly increased by 2.2 and 3.4 times in 10 and 25 mg/kg-treated mice, respectively

Hair #

• Panax ginseng extract antagonizes the effect of DKK‑1-induced catagen-like changes of hair follicles
• Inhibitory Effects of Polyacetylene Compounds from Panax ginseng on Neurotrophin Receptor-Mediated Hair Growth
• Protopanaxatirol type ginsenoside Re promotes cyclic growth of hair follicles via inhibiting transforming growth factor β signaling cascades
  • Topical treatment of GRe significantly increased the hair shaft length and hair existent time, which was comparable to the action of minoxidil
• Hair Regenerative Mechanisms of Red Ginseng Oil and Its Major Components in the Testosterone-Induced Delay of Anagen Entry in C57BL/6 Mice
• Red Ginseng Extract Promotes the Hair Growth in Cultured Human Hair Follicles
  • may enhance hDPC proliferation, activate ERK and AKT signaling pathways in hDPCs, upregulate hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation, and inhibit the DHT-induced androgen receptor transcription
• Effects of ginseng rhizome and ginsenoside Ro on testosterone 5α-reductase and hair re-growth in testosterone-treated mice
  • Honestly it was pretty minor at certain concentrations in certain varieties.

DHT #

Epic for Hair Loss, but the question is what it does on DHT? I swear it might raise it.

• Effects of Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer saponins on male fertility.
  • Sixty-six patients have been treated with Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer extract, of whom 30 oligoastenospermic sine causa (group A), 16 oligoastenospermic with idiopathic varicocele (group B).
  • Increase in plasma total and free testosterone, DHT, FSH and LH levels, but a decrease in mean PRL

• Effects of red ginseng oil(KGC11o) on testosterone-propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia #

• Inhibitory Effect of Wild Mountain Ginseng Culture Extract on 5α-reductase for Reduced DHT Formation
  • It’s Korean…

• Effects of ginseng on two main sex steroid hormone receptors: estrogen and androgen receptors
  • Brief but dense overview actually of its effects.
• Ginseng and male reproductive function (2013)
  • Improves erecetion quality by means of eNOS
  • Rats fed with 5% Panax ginseng in their diet for 60 d have shown significantly increased blood testosterone levels, whereas treatment with 1% Panax ginseng had no effect
  • Gensenoside Rg1 is the major active constituent of American ginseng. Responsible for serum test increase and LH.
  • Increases choline uptake and extracellular DA/ACh
  • Rb1/2, Rc, Re, Rf, Rg1 are GABA-A agonists and Rc is a GABA-B agonist.
  • Increased spermatogenesis via increased GDNF expression in Sertoli cells and activation of testicular CREM (cAMP-responseive element modulator).

Dose #

GR15-4 (a fermented extract), or root+leaf extract (i.e. don’t just get leaf extract alone). Panamax from Nootropics depot contains shisandra, since the oral bioavailability is pretty bad. Panax seems to be the best?

• https://www.dragonherbs.com/ginseng-sublime-drops.html dragon herbs is pretty top quality apparently.