Ectodysplasin-A

2022-02-19 links: TNF19 reference:

Ectodysplasin-A #

A transmembrane protein recognized by the ectodysplasin A receptor.

• Involved in differentiation of anatomical placodes (precursors to scales, feathers, teeth, and hair.) Defects can cause ectodermal dysplasia.
• Ectodysplasin-A2 induces dickkopf 1 expression in human balding dermal papilla cells overexpressing the ectodysplasin A2 receptor (Kwack et al., 2020)
  • The EDA2R level was upregulated in the balding dermal papilla (DP) cells compared with non-balding DP cells derived from patients with AGA. However, EDA2R was strongly expressed in both balding and non-balding outer root sheath (ORS) cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of DKK-1 were both upregulated by EDA-A2 in both human and mouse cultured HFs.
  • EDA-A2-induced apoptosis of DP and ORS cells was reversed by the antibody-mediated neutralization of DKK-1.
• Increased expression of Ectodysplasin A2 Receptor EDA2R is the most remarkable and ubiquitous aging-related transcriptional hallmark
• Circulating ectodysplasin A is a potential biomarker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • Raised by fatty liver/insulin resistance and is positively correlated with NASH scores and BMI.
  • It also indicated hepatic steatosis might promote ectodysplasin-A expression in a RXRα and PPAR-γα dependent manner.
    • … which further promoted c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and inhibited the serine phosphorylation of IRS1 in skeletal muscle, resulting in impaired insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle in obesity Increased Circulating Levels of Ectodysplasin A in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients
    • Sounds more feasible that that’s just heterodimer business and not that related to RXR cascade.
• Inhibitory phosphorylation of IRS-1 and increases JNK phosphorylation.
• EDA expression in liver: negatively correlated with glucose infusion rate.
• Increased risk of chronic fatigue and hair loss following COVID-19 in individuals with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia