Polyphenol

2022-08-17: reference:

Polyphenol #

• Conists of:
  • Flavonoids
    • Isoflavonoid
      • Isoflavones
    • Flavonols
      • Flavonol glycosides
      • Fisetin
      • Kaempferol
    • Flavan
    • Flavanolol
    • Anthoxanthin
      • Flavones
    • 
  • Flavanones
  • Anthocyanidins
  • ProAnthocyanins
  • Phenolic acid (i.e. Caffeic Acid)
  • Lignan (derived fro phenylalanine)
  • Stilbene
• [Procyanidins and inflammation: Molecular targets and health implications]
  • Inhibit COX-2 by downregulating upstream transcription factors. Inhibits AP-1 nuclear translocation, PLA2, LOX, etc.
  • Fig: 0.04
  • Pomebranate: 1.01
  • Mango: 12.7
  • Blackberries: 23.31
  • Grape Juice: 48
  • Strawberries: 65
  • Gala apple: 92
  • Blueberries: 176
  • Cranberries: 418
  • Chocolate: 1635
• Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance
  • Initial muscular damages triggers potent release of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines which are chemo-attractants for Neutrophils (and macropages) which release proteolytic enzymes that may exacerbate initial muscle damage but also facilitate regeneration by activating satellite cells and removing debris. This occurs within 2 hours of damage and peaks within 6-24 then rapidly decreases.
    • Neutrophils do not contribute to local tissue damage, but play a key role in skeletal muscle regeneration, in mice injected with Bothrops asper snake venom
    • Polyphenols on the other hand can inhibit ROS-generating enzymes like NADPH Oxidase, scavenge radicals, inhibit COX, etc.
  • Berry fruits: compositional elements, biochemical activities, and the impact of their intake on human health, performance, and disease
• Healthy Harvest, Hale Heart
  • 
• Major Mango Polyphenols and Their Potential Significance to Human Health compounds in the peel:
  • Mangiferin: 1690.4mg/kg. A Xanthone.
  • Mangiferin gallate 321.9
  • Isomangiferin 134.5
  • Isomangiferin gallate 82.0
  • Quercetin 3-O-galactoside 651.2
  • Quercetin 3-O-glucoside 557.7
  • Quercetin 3-O-xyloside 207.3
  • Quercetin 3-O-arabinopyranoside 101.5
  • Quercetin 3-O-arabinofuranoside 103.6
  • Quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside 20.1
  • Kaempferol 3-O-glucoside 36.1
  • Rhamnetin 3-O galactoside/glucoside 94.4
  • Quercetin 65.3: disappears from the fruit upon ripening.
  • They support production of Butyrate in the gut.