Anthocyanidin

2023-05-21:

(Not Anthocyanins, which are pigments found in a lot of berries and purple sweet potatoes)
Anthocyanins are readily excreted, and in vivo enhancement of Antioxidant capacity of blood may just be from increased Uric Acid by metabolizing flavonoids! (I think Nemo said this)
Proanthocyanidins in grape seeds: An updated review of their health benefits and potential uses in the food industry #Read
Grapes are among the richest sources of polyphenols.
In grape skin and stems; the monomers are (+)-gallocatechin, (−)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, and (−)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate. Whereas seeds are formed by (−)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate, (−)-catechin, and (+)-epicatechin. - The content of (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin is higher in the colored cultivars than in white grapes
Can act as antinutrients by inhibiting digestive enzymes.
[Epicatechin B-ring conjugates: First enantioselective synthesis and evidence for their occurrence in human biological fluids]
- Proanthocyanidin polymers might be able to transfer back into the small intestine via enterohepatic recirculation/bile excretion.
bioavailability primarily relies on the degree of polymerization
Increased Succinate Dehydrogenase activity
The high number of hydroxyl groups in proanthocyanidins inhibits bacterial adhesion and coaggregation, reducing biofilm formation and decreasing inflammation

yana-notes