Butyrate

2022-08-23: reference:

Butyrate #

Notice: it’s a really short-chain saturated Fatty Acid. HDAC1 inhibitor.

• Gut microbiota shapes social dominance through modulating HDAC2 in the medial prefrontal cortex
  • Higher Butyrate->HDAC2 increases dominance.
• The Microbiome and Butyrate Regulate Energy Metabolism and Autophagy in the Mammalian Colon
  • The addition of butyrate to germfree mouse colonocytes rescues TCA function, NADH/NAD+, PDH, etc., via acting as a energy source.
• The HDAC Inhibitor Butyrate Impairs β Cell Function and Activates the Disallowed Gene Hexokinase I in vitro.
  • The language suggests this is due to the >70% HDAC inhibition.

Gut #

• Butyrate made by RS fermentation is very helpful for my insomnia, depression and absence of REM sleep. Having daily dreams that cool, deep and long is like having ketamine/ DXM trip daily. Only resistant starch brings my REM sleep and dreaming back. Also resistant starch complete eliminates smelly farts, seriously, there is an adjustment period about 2 weeks and no more smelly farts at all. There are gases but they are have no smell. Only green banana resistant starch works like this. Legumes, potatoes and other types of RS are harmful for me. They aggrovate my condition and all symptoms.
• The major source of energy for colonocytes.
• Supplementation decreases endogenous production. What you want is to feed the gut bacteria that produce it: green banana starch, guar, oat bran, pectin.
• Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Colon and Peripheral Tissues: A Focus on Butyrate, Colon Cancer, Obesity and Insulin Resistance
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  • These are some mixed benefits and negatives…
• Short-Chain Fatty Acids Protect Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via a PPARγ-Dependent Switch From Lipogenesis to Fat Oxidation
  • SCFA supplementation decreases PPAR-γ expression, increasing UCP2 and raising AMP/ATP ratio.
• Colorectal Carcinogenesis: A Cellular Response to Sustained Risk Environment
  • High Dietary Protein, low carbohydrate diets have been shown to alter the colonic environment with lower Butyrate levels and apparently greater mucosal exposure to ammonia.