Neural Oscillations
links: reference: Neuronal Oscillations in Cortical Networks
Neutral Oscillations #
They are not epiphenomena. This is something I want to look into.
-
Neurons as oscillators (2015)
- On the neuronal level, it seems ‘oscillation’ refers to literal oscillatory activity in Action Potential, or a regular frequency of otherwise normal APs. An oscillator here is a neuron assumed to be, or its activity simplified to be - spiking at regular intervals.
- This assumption is clearly valid for Central Pattern Generators such as Motor Neurons, but this is much more abstract in the cortex.
- The cortex as a central pattern generator: Rhythm generation can operate independently of inhibition. *Serotonergic inputs to CPGs increase the excitability of the networks, augment oscillation frequency and can induce plasticity in network operation (74).
- If depolarizing current is applied, in Hodgkin-Huxley model, it will fire repetitive action potentials; oscillators cannot be predicated on rhythmic stimuli!
- Even if the neuron is somewhat noisy, we can still view it as an oscillator and map its behavior onto the phase of the cycle, since its states will return to the cycle when deviated away from it (Fig. 2C; Schwabedal and Pikovsky 2013; Thomas and Lindner 2014).
- The important thing is that the complete state of the neuron can be encoded in one single variable: phase.
- Phase: Instantaneous position on the waveform, basically.
- This assumption is clearly valid for Central Pattern Generators such as Motor Neurons, but this is much more abstract in the cortex.
- On the neuronal level, it seems ‘oscillation’ refers to literal oscillatory activity in Action Potential, or a regular frequency of otherwise normal APs. An oscillator here is a neuron assumed to be, or its activity simplified to be - spiking at regular intervals.
-
To Be Is To Become. Fractal Neurodynamics of the Body-Brain Control System #
Frequencies #
They’re not exact. For instance, some people only consider >40Hz to be gamma. I tihnk more frequencly it might be .5-3-8-12-38+
- 0.01-0.08 Hz: ALFF. Cannot be measured with electrodes clearly
- <0.5: “Epsilon Waves”
- 0.5-4: Delta waves
- 4-8: Theta waves
- 8-13: Alpha waves
- 8-10 Hz: α1
- 10-13 Hz: α2
- 13-15: SMR (sensorimotor rhythm) (sometimes sigma waves): over the sensoriMotor Cortex. This is basically the main resting total brain activity, involved in planning and instigating conscious bodily movement (but not actually moving, I think).
- Related to this is the mu wave (μ=motor; ~7.5-12.5, mainly 9-11 Hz). Lots of research on it including in Autism
- 13-32: Beta waves
- 13-16: β1
- 16-20: β2
- 20-32: β3
- Much more complex thoughts than the previous two
- 32-100: Gamma
- 80-200 Hz: Fast
- 100-200: “Lambda waves”. They’re real but I think it’s mostly for sensory things such as visual scanning
- 200-600: Ultra fast
Neural Synchrony #
((De)synchronization of a certain frequency simply means increase or (de)crease in amplitude.)
- Towards a neurobiological theory of consciousness (Crick & Koch, 1990)
- See work by Andreas K. Engel.
New Age ‘frequencies’ #
- 7.83 Hz is the fundamental Schumann resonance. For like $25 or something you can buy a pulse generator device. RPF
- For instance 530 Hz in one ear and 520 Hz in the other produces a 10 Hz tone in the listener’s perception along with the other two.
- ~40 Hz binaural during, or before learning. Increases blink frequency as a proxy of Striatum Dopamine release.
-
http://exo-science.com/sounds.html
- Infrasound (<20 Hz) appears to be fucked. Wind power plants, which is huge in Colorado, so watch out Harvest.
- 432 Hz > 440, which is what music is tuned at.
- I never thought about this: the only time when nature is quiet is when a predator is nearby and spooks everyone. Otherwise, even in the middle of the night there’s trees blowing in the wind, bugs chirping and so on.
- Prior to this, I always thought music/binaural beats/whatever were a total distraction for meditation but they might be an interesting aid - but will they be a crutch? Best when it’s almost impossible to hear them on their own. Fuck it - I might try. It’s comparable to ultrasound/neurofeedback at worst in terms of being a crutch.
- Solfeggio frequencies: they all resonate with the Schumann Resonance of 8 Hz.
- 432: Used to be the standard for music, apparently. Very calming.
- 528: Increases love, clarity of mind and inner peace.
- A study demonstrated significant increase in oxytocin and reduction of cortisol.
- 396: Released from guilt and fear
- 639: Yields closeness, friendship, understanding and tolerance
- 741: Cleanses toxins, protets against electromagnetism
- 852: Dissolves energetic blockages, reduces overthinking
- Other:
- 174: Reduces physical pain, migraine and stress
- 285 heals wounds, cuts and damaged cells
- 320: Decreased from 16 minutes to 5 snails completing a maze. Made them extremely active and alert.
- 963 Strengthens intuition and balances the crown chakra
- “It is a disgrace that our streets are not covered with speakers playing recordings of natural sounds. There is a study which shows that adding nature sounds such as bird song attenuated the negative effects from urban noise pollution such as traffic”
- Hans Jenny - Cymatics
- Applying wave movement to fluid/and will modulate the gravity/inertia inside. If the volume is high enough, a visible pattern will emerge. This of course happens at the cellular level, too.
- Earth sounds fucked, but the frequencies of planets have been recorded after looking through a telescope. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7UX2XSxPKk
- Really reminds me of the Symmetry Theory of Valence. Sounds are measured and photographed with a Cymascope. Healthy cells look beautiful and symmetric, while cancer cells have a lot of noise: See Page 7
- Mains hum is the sound from AC electricity. It’s usually 100-120 Hz.