Cardiolipin

2022-02-08 links: reference:

Cardiolipin #

• A Phospholipid typically rich in Linoleic Acid (it is occupied by C18:n in most animal tissues.)
  • Double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids differentially regulate mitochondrial cardiolipin remodeling
    • *Intact OA(18:1) was incorporated to CL; LA(18:2) and ALA(18:3) were desaturated and elongated to long chain fatty acid before the incorporation; GLA(18:3) and SDA(18:4) were unfavorable for the CL incorporation. *
• Constitutes ~20% of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane’s lipid composition and is almost exclusively found there; it’s vital for cristae formation.
• First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics
  • Promotes curvature in lipid membranes due to its conical structure:
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    • Peroxidation causes Cytochrome C Oxidase to dissociate from the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane/ETC, and I believe serves as a major signal for triggering Apoptosis once released into the cytosol.
• Saturation of acyl chains converts cardiolipin from an antagonist to an activator of Toll-like receptor-4
  • In healthy mammals, CLs are unsaturated, whereas saturated CLs are found in blood cells from Barth syndrome patients and in some Gram-positive bacteria
  • Unsaturated CL blocks LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine activation/NF-κB->etc. Unsaturated cardiolipin competes with LPS for binding to TLR4.