Lysosome

2022-04-15: reference:

Vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes: they break down materials via endocytosis and autophagy.
The enzymes in its internal environment require a low pH of 4.5-5.5 to fold correctly.
- Fluorescence probe measurement of the intralysosomal pH in living cells and the perturbation of pH by various agents
  - *The normal pH inside macrophage lysosomes seems to be 4.7-4.8, although it can drop transiently as low as 4.5. *
  - Inhibitors of glycolysis (2-deoxyglucose) and of oxidative phosphorylation (cyanide or azide) added together, but not separately, cause the intralysosomal pH to increase.

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