Bile
links: reference: 10-23-2021
Bile #
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So apparently there’s 14 enzymes involved. But basically, Primary bile acids are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid via CYP7A1-mediated oxidation of Cholesterol in the liver, which is the rate-limiting step. Then they’re conjugated with either glycine or taurine to form bile salts aka conjugated bile acids - which are then secreted.
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CYP7A1 This enzyme is down-regulated by cholic acid, up-regulated by cholesterol and is inhibited by the actions of the ileal hormone FGF15/19.
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Secretion is stimulated by physical activity, increasing cholic acid, which improves the firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio.
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ChatGPT told me bile is something of a toxin, hence gallbladder storage.
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The gallbladder contracts in response to Cholecystokinin.